原子力显微镜（Atomic Force Microscope，AFM），一种可用来研究包括绝缘体在内的固体材料表面结构的分析仪器。它通过检测待测样品表面和一个微型力敏感元件之间的极微弱的原子间相互作用力来研究物质的表面结构及性质。将一对微弱力极端敏感的微悬臂一端固定，另一端的微小针尖接近样品，这时它将与其相互作用，作用力将使得微悬臂发生形变或运动状态发生变化。扫描样品时，利用传感器检测这些变化，就可获得作用力分布信息，从而以纳米级分辨率获得表面形貌结构信息及表面粗糙度信息。原子力显微镜可得到样品的三维形貌、粗糙度、弹性模量、力曲线等信息。
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